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President Murmu gives assent to the Gujarat and Assam UCC bills

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President Droupadi Murmu has assented to the Gujarat and Assam UCC bills, so three states now have a comprehensive uniform civil code, after Uttarakhand. Hindustan Times reported the assent on Saturday. Assam was cleared on 29 September and Gujarat on 17 September. Gujarat’s law was published in a gazette dated 1 October. Neither code runs until the state notifies the rules.

President Murmu gives assent to the Gujarat and Assam UCC bills
Official portrait of President Droupadi Murmu, who assented to the Gujarat and Assam codes. Photo: President’s Secretariat (GODL-India).

What the Gujarat and Assam UCC texts require

Both exclude Scheduled Tribes. Gujarat’s bill, tabled by Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel, passed on 24 March after an eight-hour debate, following a panel led by retired Supreme Court judge Justice Ranjana Prakash Desai. Assam’s assembly passed its bill by voice vote on 27 May, about ten days after the draft was ready and without a matching expert panel. Tribes are about 12.45 percent of Assam and stay outside that law.

Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi
Rashtrapati Bhavan, where presidential assent is recorded. Photo: GODL-India.

Marriage must be registered, typically within 60 days, or a fine of up to ₹10,000 can follow. Polygamy and bigamy are barred. A marriage by force, coercion or fraud can mean up to seven years in prison. Divorce needs a court. Triple talaq and nikah halala are barred, and sons and daughters get equal property rights. Live-in partners must register the relationship.

Gujarat Vidhan Sabha building in Gandhinagar
Gujarat Vidhan Sabha in Gandhinagar, where the UCC bill was passed. Photo: CC BY 2.5.

Support and the objections on the record

Gujarat BJP spokesperson Anil Patel called the Gujarat and Assam UCC step, in his state, a move towards equality and cited B.R. Ambedkar. Congress president Amit Chavda said it would not help tribal people, Dalits, OBCs or any Gujarati family. In Assam, Wazed Ali Choudhury warned of social tension, and AIUDF MLA Mazibur Rahman said an Article 44 code would cut into personal-law protections.

Inside the Gujarat Legislative Assembly
Inside the Gujarat Legislative Assembly. Photo: CC BY-SA 2.0.

Madhya Pradesh has passed a code that is not in force. Goa still uses the Portuguese Civil Code of 1867. For families, the date that changes daily life is the rules notification, not the assent alone.

Gujarat secretariat complex in Gandhinagar
The Gujarat secretariat in Gandhinagar. The code starts only after rules are notified. Photo: CC BY 2.5.

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